Anionic surfactants typically are superior carboxylate type , sulfonate , sulfate salt type , phosphate salt type , fatty acid - peptide condensates . It is up to the family surfactant species, the largest amount , which is widely used.
Application
1 Most of the pesticides are oil-soluble organic agriculture can not be used directly. For safety , economic and effective use of pesticides and surfactant additives must be formulated into preparations processed products, such as made of cream, suspensions, . wettable powder diluted with water and the like , a large area uniformly sprayed on crops, promoting penetration of the active ingredient into the plant are used inside the complex anion of a non-ionic emulsifier pesticide , the amount of emulsifying agent from 20 % - 40% decrease of 3% -10 %, and is conducive to the chemical stability of pesticides , while reducing costs , reduce pollution , improve the efficacy of the utilization as pesticides , herbicides , plant growth regulators often adding benzene sulfonate, lignin sulfonate as emulsifiers and wetting agents can be used to improve the soil.
2 Building Materials Industrial Concrete is widely used in the construction industry , the preparation of concrete mortar, adding a certain amount of a surfactant to improve the performance of concrete , such as lignin sulfonate series is used as reducing agent, air entraining agent , twelve alkyl sulfonates and mortar formulations were used plasticizing agents in architectural coatings , surfactants, mainly from wetting, emulsifying , dispersing , anti-static effect and stability as the dispersing agent used is poly sodium or potassium anionic surfactant , it can reduce the interfacial tension emulsifying system to prevent flocculation , breaking micelles and improve paint opacity, flow and leveling , while reducing blur paint and pigment sedimentation etc. Most of the coating of solid particles , such as extender pigment dispersion as a first step , to adequately wetted coating is added to water and the anionic surfactant , to reduce the surface tension of the solid-liquid to produce a stable mixture of immiscible . If the lack of a suitable wetting agent, coating will flocculation and settling, the dispersion time is extended , the coating will lose luster. when the hydrophilic group of anionic surfactants are located in two central hydrophobic chain , it can provide a stronger Run wet , such as sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate , alkyl sulfate, etc. are effective wetting agents.
3 Cosmetic Industry anionic surfactants used in cosmetics has become more widespread and its main role is as emulsifiers , solubilizers, wetting agents and live effect synergist components most important to consider its pharmacology and toxicology security , such as mono-alkyl phosphate salts , as has been widely used in skin and hair washing products , becoming one of Japans Kao Corporation proudly varieties, and specializes in the production of this product within the Philippines, a subsidiary of Kao , commodity grades for MAP. MAP sodium, potassium, its rich foaming , good emulsification, detergency and moderate affinity for the specific skin cleansing the hair to meet the requirements in many cleanser , shower gel as well as the use of infant detergent American PPG has developed a "Avanel" S series of anionic surfactants in 1986 - . alkyl polyoxyethylene sulfates of the formula CmH2m +10 (C2H4O) nCH2SO3Na, due to the type of hydrophobic groups and ethoxypoly degree can be adjusted , which can artificially control some of its nature to suit the actual needs . "Avanel" S both acid and alkali , and its performance is not affected by hard water foam can be completely bio degradation of the system for household cleaners, such as: its skin is very soft and can be used in skin creams and cosmetics for skin and eye irritation low for conditioning shampoos , and has a long-lasting moisturizing effect can be used for drugs . dandruff shampoo and shampoo , it s anti- peroxidase activity and the ability to promote the stability of the drug product , and the resulting foam is easy to rinse . domestic has been used since the " 209 " surfactant is oleyl methyl taurate only popular shampoo formulated the early 1980s , Japan s Shiseido and Toho Chemical to develop a coconut acyl taurate and be in the high-end shampoo, shower gel and cleanser applications. now that Japan has become a commonly used variety of surfactants , commonly found in Shiseido , LION Patent Document companies such formulations recently by the Japanese Patent Preparation of sodium salt of lauryl phosphate gentle to the skin detergents, shampoos through research , under certain PH value not only to soften the effect of conditioning the hair , but also to prevent itchy scalp . patented double cetyl phosphate complex dubbed excellent performance with anti- water, anti- oil , good adhesion to the skin solid cosmetics in medical cosmetics production in order to improve the solubility of medicinal ingredients and spices , shall be added to certain solubilizing small alkyl phosphates toxicity , and acid and alkali resistant bacteria, hydrophilic-lipophilic and biological metabolism easily , is widely used series of solubilization Japanese company Matsumoto synthesis of phosphate -containing anionic silicone surfactant, another company phosphate synthesized bis ( perfluorooctyl acrylate ) triethylamine silane ester surfactant .
4 petroleum industry widely used surface active agents is estimated to 17% of the U.S. oilfield development surfactant accounting for industrial use in drilling , be formulated with an anionic surfactant fluids , cooling wet drilling tool according to API Publication reported the use of drilling fluids in the United States in 1978 uses a large amount of salt : such as dilute lignosulfonate dispersants, demulsifiers as petroleum sulfonates , alkyl aryl sulfonates as lubrication agent in enhanced oil recovery methods , the use of surfactant flooding is a major method of sodium alkyl phenol ethoxylates for high salt content (Na +? Cl-? Ca2 +? Mg2-) high temperature subterranean formations EOR , and when mixed with benzene sulfonic acid , can improve underground rock ( acid soluble component ) permeability and porosity to enhance oil recovery rate ; and alkyl phenol ethoxylates simultaneously available salt water at high ledge , can also be used to penetrate the large variability of rock carried EOR . According to reports , in 1982 19 million tons in the United States EOR main steam flooding , displacing agent in its main components add alkylbenzene sulfonates, polyoxyethylene alkylphenol ether sulfonate anionic addition , as the oil viscosity reducing agent may also improve the flow of crude oil transportation and reduce energy consumption in the petroleum products as clean agents, dispersing agents , highly alkaline additives, anti-rust agents, antistatic agents , emulsifying viscosity reducer , eliminating paraffin wax agents and sewage treatment agent.
5 textile industry with constantly updated varieties of textile fibers , textile printing and dyeing processing and other proposed new requirements. Dyeing and finishing auxiliaries to the textile fabric used has good wetting of the dye with strong growth dissolving and dispersing ability of the fabric and the paint has a strong affinity , thus slowing down the speed of the dye , to leveling purposes. Moreover, according to the special needs , but also has a certain softness to the fabric , water repellent and antistatic effect , so , synergistic surfactants , dispersants , leveling , water repellent , antistatic, supple very important role in the textile industry , for example, in the treatment of textile materials , in order to remove the raw material waxes , pectin, cottonseed hulls , etc. common alkali cooking , alkylbenzene sulfonate compound as a cleaning and wetting agent formulations , scouring liquid to improve wetting, emulsifying , permeability, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the appearance and absorbent cotton yarn of . in the bleaching process, adding salts, such as acid and fatty alcohol sulfates , low foam wetting agent to improve the penetration of the bleaching solution , wetting ability and fabric softness. spinning step, the alkylbenzene sulfonic acid acid ( or sulfate ) , etc. as emulsifiers in the dyeing and finishing , as a co-solvent , the proliferation of agents , leveling agents , antistatic agents and softeners are widely used as often as carboxymethyl cellulose fiber sizing agent for printing paste , lignosulfonates and sodium sulfate are mainly advanced leveling agent, sodium alkyl sulfonate is a common softener can be used as finishing agents , antistatic agents mordenite .
Trends
Its history dates back as early as BC humans get from natural plants such as saponins ( saponin -containing ingredients ) , and ash in the material can be used for washing and decontamination , and later appeared in the original form of soaps , is to use the first anionic surfactant . the worlds first synthetic detergent was born in Germany in the First World War , called "Nehel", with short chain alkyl naphthalene sulfonate . to 1984 , world production of surfactant has reached 14 million tons / year, thousands of varieties , from various studies dynamic analysis , future trends roughly: ( 1 ) by a single function to multifunctional development ; ( 2 ) by General aptitude specific development ; ( 3 ) the use of a variety of active compound ; ( 4 ) emphasis on " green" mark and " mild " direction of development ; ( 5 ) Research on behalf of phosphorus in inorganic additives ; ( 6 ) organic additives to the polymer electrolyte organic activity was developed ; ( 7 ) biological additives mixed enzyme ; ( 8 ) containing F · Si developed other specialty surfactants.