Polyester fiber is one of the most widely used synthetic fibers. It has excellent physical and mechanical properties such as high strength, good elasticity, high rigidity, acid resistance and corrosion resistance. However, polyester molecules are bonded by covalent bonds, which can neither ionize nor transfer electrons. It is easy to generate and accumulate electric charges. In addition, there are few polar groups in polyester fiber. Because of its high hydrophobicity, it is difficult to dissipate charge and inevitably generate static electricity. When the relative humidity is 65%, the specific resistivity is 1012-1013_/cm. The static electricity produced by such a large resistance makes the fibers easy to fuzz, even pilling, soot absorption, and stain. The clothes made with this kind of resistance are too close to the body and make people feel uncomfortable. In the research and production process of some modern industries, such as large-scale integrated circuits, it is often due to manipulation. Workersclothes with static charges are easy to be stained with dust, resulting in circuit short-circuit, component breakdown, precision instrument misoperation, and even failure, which greatly reduces the production rate of integrated circuits, making the integrated system of integrated blocks not much improved. Therefore, in order to ensure the normal production, the elimination of static electricity is very important.

There are many methods of eliminating static electricity for polyester fiber. The method discussed here is the common antistatic agent method, that is, using antistatic agent to treat the surface of the fiber and its fabric to reduce the specific resistance of the fiber, thereby improving the antistatic property of polyester fiber and eliminating static electricity. Antistatic agents are mostly surfactants, which have polar groups, can absorb moisture, reduce the surface resistance of polymers, and accelerate the dissipation of static charges. At present, there are many kinds of antistatic agents, according to the ionic classification, there are mainly anionic, cationic, amphoteric and non-ionic antistatic agents. Their advantages and disadvantages are as follows:

Anionic antistatic agents are the most widely used, but how to determine the alkyl number and neutralizer for different kinds of fibers is very complicated.

Cationic antistatic agent has the strongest adsorption on fiber, so it shows the best antistatic effect, especially as an antistatic agent of fiber products, not only has good antistatic property, but also makes textile products feel significantly improved.

Amphoteric antistatic agents, its effect can be compared with cationic antistatic agents, but the price is expensive, so the current use of small scope. Non-ionic antistatic agents have general antistatic effect in general humidity, but they have obvious antistatic effect in low humidity.

1 antistatic principle of cationic surfactants

Cationic surfactants have positive charges while most fibers have negative charges. Due to the neutralization of opposite charges, the antistatic effect is better than that of anionic and non-ionic surfactants. In addition, it can also form hydrophobic oil film on the surface of fibers, reduce the friction coefficient of fibers, showing a soft and smooth effect. Take Ji Anyan as an example, it is made up of hydrophilic groups and hydrophobic groups. The structure of hydrophobic group is similar to that of anionic surfactant, and the connection ways of hydrophobic group and hydrophilic group are also similar, that is, besides the hydrophilic group directly connected to the hydrophobic chain, the hydrophilic group is often connected by ester, ether and amide, but when dissolved in water, the hydrophilic group is positively charged (its hydrophilic group is mainly basic nitrogen atom, but also phosphorus, sulfur and rhenium). Iodine etc.). Because of its strong adsorption ability, it is easy to form lipophilic film on the surface of the matrix and produce anodic electricity, so it is widely used as softener and antistatic agent of textiles (the former is due to the formation of lipophilic film which makes textiles hydrophobic and can significantly reduce the static friction coefficient of the fiber surface, so that the fiber has a good performance. Smoothness, while the latter is the manifestation of electropositive effect. For commonly negative charged textiles, its adsorption capacity is stronger than anionic and non-ionic. It is this special property that determines the special value of cationic surfactants in the field of antistatic.

Improvement of the performance of 2 quaternary amine salt antistatic agents

In order to make antistatic agent have superior performance, on the basis of adding cationic surfactant, if adding appropriate amount of Tween-80 nonionic surfactant and other components, the solubility of Tween-80 is better, at the same time, it has good heat resistance, emulsification and certain antistatic effect, it can make fiber static friction. The coefficient is reduced, and it also has a better holding capacity. Disodium oxalate tetraacetate and polyethylene glycol are mainly used as dispersing and softening additives to improve some auxiliary properties of antistatic agents.

After many times of screening, using dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and Tween-80 as the main antistatic agent components of polyester fiber, the effect is better than adding no ingredients.