Leather production process, a surfactant as an important class of additives used in almost leather, fur production of various processes, from soaking, degreasing, liming, softening, pickling, tanning agents, neutralizing, dyeing, greasing, filling, finishing, etc., the use of surfactants to improve the leather production process of physical and chemical action, so as to achieve shorter processing time, saving chemical materials, increase productivity, improve and improve product quality. With the development of the leather industry, new technology, new materials and new technologies continue to emerge, the type in leather, fur used in the production of surfactants, also increasing the number of excellent research and development of various types of special properties of leather working surfactants are becoming increasingly active.

Typically, the surface tension of the liquid will enable, at low concentrations decreased significantly surfactant materials are known. Since the surface active agent having an asymmetric molecular structure that the molecule also has a nonpolar lipophilic hydrophobic group and a hydrophilic polar group, therefore, after a surfactant is added to water, which is pro-oil-based out of the water, the surfactant molecular film is formed on the interface of water and air, so that the vertical surface by water molecules in the liquid inside the liquid directed net attractive force is reduced, resulting in significantly reduced surface tension of water. A variety of surfactants, such as wetting, penetration, emulsification, dispersion, solubilization, foaming, defoaming, washing etc its can significantly reduce the surface tension of the liquid basic characteristics are directly related. Surfactants can be divided according to their molecular structure of ionic and non-ionic categories, it can be divided into ionic and anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants.

1 Application in Leather
1.1 flooding
Leather and fur with flooding in that the main purpose of a co-surfactant is soft, to facilitate the recovery of raw hides fresh skin condition. Therefore, the choice of surfactants should have good wetting, permeability, rapid immersion in Practice shows that the effect of soaking to help soft non-ionic surfactant than anionic surfactants as well. Surfactants are used mainly soaking step penetrant T, wetting agent JFC, soaking agent DLA-A and penetrant M, washing powder, powder opened, flooding many types of foreign aid, such as flooding Bohmes Sandozs SandozinNILLiquid the like; agents AtesanL691; soaking agent PerdolM Henkel company; Hoechsts Hostapal3634 and HostapurSAS60; Rohms BorronAN; Ciba-Geigys InvadineJFC.

1.2 degreasing step requires that the surfactant is used with decontamination, solubilization, emulsification, and washed, thereby allowing grease, dirt is emulsified and dispersed rawhide removed. Data introduced a non-ionic surfactant having an HLB value ranging from 8 to 18 carbon chain lipophilic sometimes long product better. Currently, the degreasing process commonly used surfactants are mainly peregal, washing powder, Leimi Bang, GT-101 leather degreasing agent, degreasing agent leather 9088. The main foreign brands are: Hoechsts HostapalFA300 and GeuapolUD050; Trumpler company TruponPZ and PastosolDEGM degreaser; Italy Prodottis TergerolBXIN degreasing agent; Ciba-Geigys IragolDA degreasing agent.

1.3 enzyme and enzyme depilatory softening adding an appropriate amount of enzyme and enzyme depilatory softening process nonionic surfactant having a penetration, degreasing, decontamination, cleaning and so on, you can not affect the activity of the basis on effective to enhance enzyme role in making the pelt grain shed and softened smooth, detailed, easy to wash, especially for pigskin leather garment production. Commonly used surfactants in addition to JFC, peregal, there are foreign production companies such as Rohm BorronT emulsifying and dispersing agent; Sandoz company SandopanDTC like.

1.4 liming liming process appropriate to add some surfactants, help penetrate liming material and uniformly distributed in the skin to prevent excessive swelling phenomenon, in favor of a loose collagen fibers, increase the leather rate, at the same time, can effectively remove abdominal pelt neck wrinkles. Commonly used JFC and peregal, foreign products are more, such as BASF, AmollanAPS; Trumpler company TruponNJ and Italy Prodottis BiokalSTA etc; Hoechsts ArkopolN-080.

1.5 tanning tanning step addition of surfactant can accelerate the penetration of tanning agents, tanning shorten time to help in the leather tanning agents and uniform distribution, and to improve the fullness of the combined amount of tanning agent and finished leather. Tanning step using a non-ionic surfactant, such as diffusing agent N, Sandozs EralineF the like.

1.6 dye staining is a crucial step leather production, color direct impact on the quality of the appearance of leather, a surfactant is added in the dyeing process can be improved in conjunction with the penetration of the dye in the leather, dyed uniform, deep penetration. The staining methods of various embodiments of the new process with the aid of more of surfactants, the type of the surfactant used in the present dyeing process many, both anionic, cationic, or nonionic surfactant, to achieve leveling, slow dyeing, dye transfer, increase in the depth of solid color and so on. Diffusion agent NNO, etc. peregal is the most common domestic surfactant foreign products such as BASFs Lipaminok and AmollanR both with slow dyeing, good dyeing auxiliaries dyeing and fixation, in addition to Bohmes SolponP15 ; Hoechsts DispersogenASNTanicorLN; Ciba-Geigys InvadermA, AL, AU and so on.

1.7 finishing finishing process of surfactant mainly using its wetting, penetration and emulsification diffusion, so that the material can be finishing crust surface more uniform and faster distribution, increasing the coating leveling in and even decorative, improving dye, pigment particles in the coating stability of the slurry. Finishing commonly used surfactants are penetrating agents, wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, stabilizers, antifoam agents and the like. Penetrant more finishing at the bottom of the addition, the slurry was finishing properly penetrate the crust, resulting in a certain filling effect and increase the coating adhesion. Emulsifier primarily used in the synthesis process finishes membrane material dispersion, it can ensure the stability of motion film-forming agent dispersion stability and aggregation. Stabilizing agent is to prevent agglomeration finish early in the film material, to ensure the solid content. Commonly used in the decoration of a surfactant T, diffusion agent NNO, wetting agent JFC, alkyl carboxylate surfactants, quaternary ammonium surfactants; foreign products Prodotti company NeutropelTs penetrant; Ciba -Geigy company TinovetinBL wetting agent; Schill & Seilacher company FuranNWD emulsifier; Sandoz company RelcaE penetrant, RelcasynPNE penetrant.
Surfactants are widely used in leather, fur and leather chemicals production accelerated the development of leather industry and technological progress and industry, which plays a significant role in improving technology, improve product quality. Currently, the leather industry applied surfactant mainly anionic and nonionic majority, and the application of higher alkyl amine salts and quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants is rare. With economic development and peoples living standards improve, the demand for new leather products, leather chemicals bound to put forward higher requirements. Therefore, the research and development of a new generation of surface-active agents, such as leather products, special detergent, softening agent, repellent finish. In particular, some fluorine, silicon, leather imparts special properties of special leather chemicals, will be one of the development trend of leather chemical materials industry.