Water-based cleaning agent is a surfactant as the main active component, at the same time complementary with other additives of hybrid system. Surface active agent to the cleaning process has a great influence, such as: (1) surfactant can destroy the metal surface with dirt effect between key; (2) can be wetting the metal surface, make the cleaning fluid can be surrounded by dirt particles; (3) can make the animal and plant oil emulsification for the small droplets, dispersed in solution; (4) can be dissolved solid dirt particles; (5) can spread all kinds of dirt, prevent redeposition. Change the chemical composition of the surfactant will change its role in the cleaning process each link capacity. As detergent surfactants can undermine dirt particles and the interaction between the metal surface, but the wetting of the surfactants, osmosis, emulsification ability probably isnt good enough, so the water-based cleaning agent formulations are often equipped with several different surfactants at the same time. The choice of surfactants still linked to the cleaning process. For example in the spray process with low foam detergent; In the ultrasonic cleaning need redeposition resistance good cleaning agent; They need to in the pipeline cleaning high emulsification and wettability of detergent.

Use water-based cleaning agent to clean metal surface is a layer of surfactant adsorption molecules, which may affect the next working procedure, especially for oxygen supply system components are in danger of fire. Finish cleaning metal parts, therefore, must carry on the rinse with plenty of deionized water, to remove the adsorbed surfactant. For oxygen supply system component cleaning easy stripping of surfactant washing is best.

A large number of the use of water-based cleaning agent, wastewater treatment has become a serious problem. In the past, our focus is on detergent cleaning performance and service life, but now the spray is washed or the formula of ultrasonic cleaner has been completely different from the past. Organic dirt completely emulsion become part of the cleaning fluid is not the best, on the contrary hope after mixing stop or cooling, organic dirt can be released from emulsion, such as oil or dirt is separated, cleaner and renewable. The membrane filtration technology can separate detergent and dirt, this filter can be according to the molecular size, shape and charge them to separate.

In recent years, the characteristics of the microemulsion has caused the attention of people. Microemulsion exists in the water, oil, surfactant and auxiliary surfactants and electrolyte composition system of multiple phase zone, with ultra-low interfacial tension, the water content and oil content has high solubilization. Therefore microemulsion in fabric decontamination as dielectric solubilization of organic solvent can be combined with the traditional wet cleaning properties. Raney et al. have typical water/surfactant/help surfactant/electrolyte multicomponent system used in standard decontamination test. They think that if in the process of washing cleaning medium and oil formation of microemulsion and washing temperature close to the microemulsion phase transfer temperature, detergency reached the maximum value of this system.